With the continuous acceleration of urbandevelopment and the continuous improvement of people's living standards, humansproduce more and more wastes. Among them, municipal sludge, which has the mostdirect impact on humans and the most difficult to dispose of waste, has becomethe focus of environmental scholars. Municipal sludge is a by-product of thesewage treatment process of a municipal sewage treatment plant, including scumand flocs and sediments condensed in different ways. The composition of thesludge is related to the treatment process and the nature of the sewage in themunicipal sewage treatment plant. Is a more stubborn waste.
According to statistics, the total amountof wet sludge produced throughout the country in 2019 was as high as 5.95million tons. If all urban sewage is treated, the amount of sludge producedwill exceed 8.4 million tons, accounting for about 3% of the country's totalsolid waste. In addition to containing a large amount of water, the sludge alsocontains a large number of toxic components that are difficult to degrade, suchas organic matter, heavy metals, salts, pathogenic microorganisms and parasiteeggs, etc. Therefore, it is also difficult to treat it as a resource.
From the current situation of urban sludgeresource treatment in our country, the main harmless treatment technologiesinclude agriculture, compost burning, preparation of building materials andlandfill, among which agricultural treatment accounts for about 40%, landfillaccounts for about 30%, other disposal methods account for about 10%, and therest have not been handled yet. In order to dispose these sludge properly, thesewage treatment plant needs to spend 20%-50% more money, which is an extremelylarge expenditure for the sewage treatment plant, however, compared withWestern countries with higher consumption (50%-70%), China's sludge treatmentis obviously in a lagging state.
At present, sludge disposal in our countrymainly adopts sanitary landfill, agricultural utilization, sludge incineration,sludge drying and so on. These disposal methods cannot make sludge disposalachieve the goal of complete harmlessness and resource utilization. And thesedisposal costs remain high, sludge drying costs 270~550 yuan/ton, sludgeaerobic fermentation costs 120~160 RMB/ton, the cost of sludge brick making is50~200 RMB/ton, and so on. As far as the cost of sludge disposal in some citiesis only 200~300 RMB/ton, it is difficult to maintain the production of theseprocesses at any cost.
Sludge contains a large amount of inorganicand metal ions, which are similar to some building materials. By mixing sludgewith other materials to produce ceramsite, it replaces traditional claymaterials, it can not only increase the resource utilization of sludge, butalso avoid clay polluting the environment, which is a new way to treat wastewith waste; According to the characteristics of sludge itself, combined withthe production process of ceramsite, after years of research and developmentand real case time, Henan Zheng mine has opened up a development road of greenand environment-friendly building materials on the road of sludge disposal andresource utilization. Our company combines municipal sludge with buildingabandoned soil, contaminated soil, General solid waste and so on, and thenafter 7~15 days of aging, it is calcined into general lightweight aggregateceramsite through granulation. This technology has the following features:
1. Sludge can be completely harmless afterbeing calcined at the high temperature of 1100~1200 ℃ in the rotary kiln.
2. The ceramsite of the product can be usedas green light building materials in buildings, flowers, filter materials andother aspects to achieve the purpose of resource utilization.
3. The product calcined at high temperatureis non-toxic and non-radioactive, so that the sludge treatment can achieve thepurpose of stability.
4. The sludge disposal cost is almost zero,which is mixed into production as raw materials. For disposal enterprises, thecomprehensive operation cost is greatly reduced, and the general sludgedisposal cost is generally more than 260 RMB/ton and can be profitable.
Municipal sludge is an important part inthe process of urban waste treatment. More and more environmental protectionpractitioners use sludge as a resource, and should take "reduction,harmlessness and resource utilization" as the principle of treatment anddisposal. Although the new process of sludge disposal is limited byenvironment, cost and operating conditions, managers should give full play tothe residual value of sludge to provide more help for human life, achieve awin-win goal of economy and environment.